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MOA OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS

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MOA                  of   Aminoglycoside             Antibiotics Aminoglycosides exert their bactericidal effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria and compromising the structure of the bacterial cell wall . Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria . Some commonly used aminoglycosides include: amikacin (Amikin®); apramycin; capreomycin; gentamicin (Garamycin®); kanamycin (Kantrex®); neomycin (Mycifradin®); netilmicin (Netromycin®); paromomycin (Humatin®); streptomycin; tobramycin (TOBI Solution®, TobraDex®, Nebcin®) Mode of Action Although aminoglycosides stop bacteria from making proteins, it is uncertain whether this is the action that results in bacterial cell death.     Disruption of Protein Synthesis A minoglyco s i d e s b i n d to the b a c t er i al 3 0 S r i b o s o mal s ubunit. R i b o s om e s are the p ro t e i n
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article review on adalimumab production

Adalimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that is used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. It is produced using recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A research article "Development of a high-titer, high-density fed-batch process for the production of adalimumab in CHO cells" by Chen et al. (2018) aimed to improve the production of adalimumab by developing a high-titer and high-density fed-batch process. The study used a CHO cell line that had been modified to express the adalimumab gene. The cells were grown in a culture medium containing glucose, amino acids, and a proprietary feed supplement, and the culture conditions were optimized to achieve high yields of the protein. The results of the study showed that a high yield of adalimumab (over 2g/L) was achieved using the fed-batch cultivation system. The study also found that the specific productivity of th
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Why 70% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) is used as Disinfectant in Pharmaceuticals?

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  Why 70% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) is used as Disinfectant in Pharmaceuticals? Know why 70% isopropyl alcohol ( IPA solution ) is used for disinfection of hands and equipment surface instead of 100% in pharmaceuticals. 70% isopropyl alcohol is most commonly used disinfectant in pharmaceutical industries. The important thing is that only 70% solution of isopropyl alcohol acts as a disinfectant killing all surface microorganisms. It is used to disinfect hands and equipment surface in pharmaceuticals. 70 % isopropyl alcohol solution kills microorganisms by dissolving plasma membrane of the cell wall. The plasma membrane of gram-negative bacteria consists of thin layer of peptidoglycan that easily destroyed by the alcohol. Therefore, 70 percent isopropyl alcohol is known as pharmaceutical alcohol. Water is also required to denature the proteins of the cell membrane and acts as a catalyst for the reaction. The contact time of the alcohol with the organism also plays an important role. A 70%
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