MOA of Tetracycline Antibiotics

MOA of Tetracycline Antibiotics

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Discovered in the late 1940s, tetracyclines are a family of broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. The original tetracyclines were derived from Streptomyces bacteria, but the newer derivatives are semi-synthetic.

Some representative tetracyclines include:

·              tetracycline

·             doxycycline

·             minocycline

·             panmycin

·             terramycin

·             trimocycline

Tetracycline Mode of Action

Tetracyclines exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria.

This antibiotic prevents transfer-RNA (tRNA) molecules (a type of nucleic acids which

transport amino acids) from binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

It is possible for tetracyclines to inhibit protein synthesis in the eukaryotic cells of the host, but the drug is less likely to reach the required concentrations in humans because eukaryotic cells do not have a tetracycline uptake mechanism.

Antimicrobial Spectrum of Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics which exhibit activity against a wide range of microbes including both Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative

(Gram-) bacteria, chlamydias, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, as well as some protozoan parasites.

Type of Infections Tetracyclines Are Used Against

Tetracycline is used to treat many different infections including respiratory tract infections caused by Hemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It also is used for urinary tract infections (UTIs), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus, chancroid, cholera, brucellosis, anthrax, syphilis, lyme disease, acne and may be used concomitantly with other medications against Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria associated with stomach ulcers.

Antibiotic Resistance

Because tetracyclines have been around for so long, bacterial resistance is common, and the presence of tetracycline-resistant pathogens limits the use of this class of antibiotic.

Adverse Effects of Tetracyclines

Side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, and sensitivity to light. Tetracyclines also form complexes with calcium, which can stain the developing teeth of children and affect the strength and shape of bones.

Since tetracyclines are active against such a wide range of microbes, destruction of normal intestinal flora often occurs, resulting in increased secondary infections.


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