Tocilizumab (Actemra) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, which is involved in the inflammatory response. It is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. It is produced using recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. One research article "Development of an efficient and scalable fed-batch culture process for the production of tocilizumab in Chinese hamster ovary cells" by Li et al. (2019) aimed to optimize the production of tocilizumab using a fed-batch cultivation system in CHO cells. The study aimed to improve the yield and quality of the protein, and to develop a process that can be easily scaled up for industrial production. The results of the study showed that the yield of tocilizumab was significantly improved by optimizing the culture conditions, such as the temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, as well as by using a specific
MOA of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Aminoglycosides exert their bactericidal effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria and compromising the structure of the bacterial cell wall . Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria . Some commonly used aminoglycosides include: amikacin (Amikin®); apramycin; capreomycin; gentamicin (Garamycin®); kanamycin (Kantrex®); neomycin (Mycifradin®); netilmicin (Netromycin®); paromomycin (Humatin®); streptomycin; tobramycin (TOBI Solution®, TobraDex®, Nebcin®) Mode of Action Although aminoglycosides stop bacteria from making proteins, it is uncertain whether this is the action that results in bacterial cell death. Disruption of Protein Synthesis A minoglyco s i d e s b i n d to the b a c t er i al 3 0 S r i b o s o mal s ubunit. R i b o s om e s are the p ro t e i n
Adalimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that is used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. It is produced using recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A research article "Development of a high-titer, high-density fed-batch process for the production of adalimumab in CHO cells" by Chen et al. (2018) aimed to improve the production of adalimumab by developing a high-titer and high-density fed-batch process. The study used a CHO cell line that had been modified to express the adalimumab gene. The cells were grown in a culture medium containing glucose, amino acids, and a proprietary feed supplement, and the culture conditions were optimized to achieve high yields of the protein. The results of the study showed that a high yield of adalimumab (over 2g/L) was achieved using the fed-batch cultivation system. The study also found that the specific productivity of th
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